Upper Mustang Trek

Equipment lists for Upper Mustang trek 

Equipment of various kinds is needed to adjust to the trip and make it smoother as per the seasons of travel. Travellers are allowed to bring any of their personal belongings when they enter Nepal that are allowed by law but while travelling it’s recommended better to carry only that equipment that is highly essential as buying so it’ll help travellers get an extra load off of their back while on the trip and as for the excess items, they can be left in their hotel room. The following is a list of some items that you’ll require while on the trip.

Head 

• Tissue papers
• Lip balms 
• Sunglasses with UV protection
• High SPF sunscreen
• Cap or hat
• Shampoo 

Hands 

• Woollen gloves
• Mittens
• Hand warmers
• Trekking poles 
• Fist wraps (optional)

Upper/lower Body

• Windproof jacket
• Raincoat
• Breathable long-sleeve shirts
• Underwear 
• Quick-drying pants/Trousers 
• Thermal leggings 

Footwear 

• 4 pairs of Woolen socks 
• Well-gripped waterproof boots 
• Flip-flops
• Crampons

Toiletries 

• Toothbrush and toothpaste
• Mid-size towel
• Toilet paper 
• Sanitary napkins 
• Shampoo sachets 
• Soap bars
• Shaving kits 
• Nail kits 
• Hand-sanitisers

Additional

• Water bladders with min. 2-liter capacity
• Purification tablets / UV purifier
• Sleeping bags 
• chargers and Spare batteries (for mobiles and cameras)
• Power banks 
• First-aid kits 
• Daily medicine 
• Notebooks 
• Passport photocopies
• Painkillers
• Multi-purpose knife/Swiss army knife)

Accommodation for the Upper Mustang trek 

The trip lasts for 8 days and during all those times you’ll be provided with different kinds of accommodation services. Three nights of hotel stay in Kathmandu as per your choice and lodge or homestay during the trip.

Meals during the Upper Mustang trek

3 meals a day (Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner) (excluding all personal bills)

A typical day during the Upper Mustang trek

The trip offers beautiful vistas during the trek, making it a unique experience for many travellers. You can capture photos and create lifelong memories while exploring the sites. In addition to that, you will be accompanied by well-experienced, friendly, and qualified guides who’ll share information and knowledge about the regions with you, along with porters who’ll help you with your luggage. You will be expected to carry small backpacks that might hold your valuable belongings.

A typical day starts with a hot cup of coffee/tea, after which we’ll set off for our trip of the day. We will be hiking for 3-4 hours, depending on the nature of the day and its atmosphere. Upon the completion of the 3-4 hours of a trip around the middle of the day, we’ll have lunch while on the trail to the next point. Upon reaching the overnight accommodation point, we will unwind and get some rest, followed by brief site explorations in the locality, and upon returning, dinner will be served. Post-dinner, you can talk about the experience of the day with the guide or the trip leader. In the meantime, you can also plan for the trip of the next day with the leader, as the leader will brief you about the next day’s program. 

Altitude sickness during the Upper Mustang trek

Altitude sickness is a sly monster and can strike anyone out of nowhere. It usually occurs when travellers ascend too quickly or without properly acclimatizing and is common once the traveller exceeds 2,500 m / 8000 ft. This usually occurs due to the thinning of the atmosphere with the rise in elevation as the body lacks oxygen in the blood. Below are some of the signs symptoms and preventive/treatments:

Signs of altitude sickness during Upper Mustang Trek

• Dizziness
• Nausea 
• Vomiting
• Excessive sweating
• Palpitations
• Drowsiness
• Fatigue 
• Weakness
• Loss of consciousness

Preventive/treatment 

• The best way to prevent it is by gradual and steady ascending
• Warm up by doing exercises and staying fit
• Hydrate well
• Cover the highest possible altitude on the day of acclimatization
• Avoid intoxications (alcohol, drugs)
• To treat altitude sickness decline in elevation
• Rest well
• Have medication advised by doctors 
• Stay warm
• Consume enough warm liquids
• Inform your guide or anyone around as soon as you feel the symptoms

Electricity and water during the Upper Mustang trek

During the Langtang trek, access to water and electricity might vary depending on the specific point on the trail. Electricity is available in some villages, primarily in the form of solar power or small hydroelectric plants. Most teahouses offer charging facilities for electronic devices in the form of solar and hydroelectric plants. A key point to remember about power supply is that despite its availability, the power might sometimes be inconsistent due to harsh weather, and there might even be a small charge for powering your devices. In some far-distant regions, power might not even be available, so it is very much recommended that you take a power bank with you. While electricity might incur added costs to recharge mobile phones and other electronic devices.

As for water, it is available in different forms like streams and rivers, and many teahouses along the trail also provide boiled water for trekkers. However, it’s advisable for you and every foreign trekker they carry a water bottle with you as your body is not well-adapted to the new water. If you want, you can also carry water purification tablets to ensure the safety of water, especially in remote regions.

Sometimes, in the trail, mineral water bottles might not be available right away, with the only choice for local tap water, and to make it suitable for your guts, it is recommended that you rather have some purification tablets.

Communication during the Upper Mustang trek

During the trip, you’ll get access to internet services here in Kathmandu without any hassle, but while on the route or in the teahouse or lodge, you might have to bear an extra charge. With the rising elevation of the trip, the internet gets out of reach, leaving only the phone as a choice.

Talks with fellow teammates will be at least once a day to ensure safety and get the update, but keep in mind that mobile signals might not even be available to have many or long talks.

You can also buy a SIM card that costs just $1 from any local communication service operator or mobile phone service centres, for which you might need to provide the following:

• 1 pp-sized photo and a copy of your passport. 
• As for the data buying process, the manual comes along with the package of SIM cards.

Travel process, safety guidelines, insurance, permits, Trip grade, medical fitness and Health requirements for Upper Mustang trek

 Passport and visa 

As for the passport and visa, you can get an on-arrival visa in the TIA, and Indian nationals do not require any sort of visa but rather a valid identification document to get to Nepal.

As for the nationals needing to have a visa, a visa application is needed with at least six months of validity, a passport-sized photo and visa charges. Citizens of SAARC nations will be granted free visas. Since it’s government-based regulatory work, the policy might change even without advanced notice. So, to be updated, you can visit the site for visa information, CLICK HERE:

All travellers must have travel insurance as situations like natural causes such as landslides, avalanches, altitude sickness,s and many other unforeseen circumstances might strike out of the blue. In case of emergencies, an airlift might be needed, which will be covered by your insurance and should be enough to do so.

Extra trip info for the Upper Mustang trek

Currencies 

($1=130 NPR)

Foreign currencies are not directly valid in Nepal, so you can exchange them in your hotel or at any currency exchange centre. Besides Nepalese currencies, only Indian currencies are valid. 

Permits

• Restricted Area Permit (per person $500) (the permit is not issued for only one person, so if a person wants to visit alone, then s/he must issue and pay for 2 permits)
• Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP)
• Trekkers Information Management System (TIMS). LINK HERE:

Permit issuance process

You can also issue a permit from your native nation if you issue your visa to Nepal from the Nepal embassy located in your host country and forward your credentials to your travel agent/agency which makes it easy for you to obtain a permit ahead of your time of arrive in Nepal making it easy for you by saving the time required for the process of obtaining the permits upon getting here saving your time for travel as you can commence your trip the very next day or as early as possible.

Trip grade, medical fitness and Health requirements for the Upper Mustang trek

The Langtang Valley trek is a moderately challenging trek that demands a proficient level of physical fitness and health. To ensure a safe and enjoyable experience, trekkers should consider the medical fitness and health requirements mentioned below:

Physical fitness: Trekkers should engage in daily cardiovascular exercises such as walking, jogging, and stretching along with cycling for at least 4-6 weeks before the trek, as they are beneficial for strengthening leg muscles and core muscles.

Altitude Management & Acclimatisation:  The highest point reached on most standard itineraries is Lo Manthang itself, at approximately 3,840 metres (12,598 feet). While this elevation is not as extreme as some other high-altitude treks in Nepal like Everest Base Camp, proper altitude acclimatisation is crucial. Reputable itineraries are carefully designed with gradual assets and are strategic overnight stops to help your body adapt to the thinner air, minimising the risk of acute mountain sickness (AMS). The trek might even go up to an elevation of 4800 meters (15,487 ft) based on itinerary preferences, so it’s crucial to do proper acclimatization to avoid altitude sickness. It’s recommended that trekkers ascend gently and gradually, as it helps the body retain warmth and stamina in such a cold environment.

Medical check-up: A thorough medical checkup is recommended before embarking on the trek. Individuals with pre-existing health conditions, particularly heart or respiratory issues, should consult health care professionals.

Hydration and nutrition: staying hydrated is essential, especially the higher elevations. Trekkers should drink plenty of water and consume a balanced diet rich in carbohydrates, proteins and healthy fats to maintain energy levels.

First aid kit: Carry a personal first aid kit that includes medications for altitude sickness, pain relief, and any other personal prescriptions. Familiarize yourself with the symptoms of altitude sickness and know when to descend.

Mental preparedness: Trekking can be mentally challenging, just as physically preparing yourself for a long day of walking and potential weather changes. A positive mindset and determination are key to overcoming obstacles. 

Terrain and Trail conditions: The trails are predominantly dry, dusty, rocky and uneven, reflecting the arid environment. You will encounter a variety of tearing from relatively flat sections along the riverbeds, and more challenging gradual ascent over the high passes. Expect occasional steeper sections, particularly when gaining altitude between valleys. The strong winds are common features in the afternoons, especially on exposed sections, which can add to the feeling of cold and dust.

Daily activity and distance: On your chosen mode of travel (full trekking or Jeep supported), daily activity can vary. For traditional trekkers you can expect to work for 5 to 8 hours per day, Covering an average daily distance of 10 to 18 kilometres. For Jeep-supported tours, walking segments will be shorter, typically three to five hours on a specific day, focusing on exploration and significant sites. The total distance is typically 10 to 14 days. Itinerary often ranges from 125 to 160 kilometres, (approximately 78-100 miles.)

Fitness preparation: To ensure maximum comfort and enjoyment, it is highly recommended to engage in a consistent fitness regimen for at least one to two months before your trip. This should include cardiovascular exercise such as brisk walking, jogging, cycling or swimming to build stamina. Incorporating strength training focusing on leg muscles and core stability. Regular practice hikes, especially with a light daypack, will also help condition your body for the undulating terrain and prepare you for sustained physical activity at altitude. Proper physical condition will significantly enhance your ability to embrace challenges and fully appreciate the breathtaking beauty of Himalayan trekking routes.

Travel insurance: It is advisable to have travel insurance that covers trekking activities and emergency evacuation in case of health issues. So if you are travelling and trekking to high altitude destinations like this then do have insurance coverage with emergency helicopter evacuation for unforeseen emergencies and basically to deal with any sorts of required medical attention.

Best Time to Visit Upper Mustang Trek

Best time to visit: Experiencing Mustang’s season

Upper Mustang’s  unique geographical position in the Himalayan Rainshadow grants it distinctive appealing seasons for visitors:

• Spring (March to May): Widely regarded as one of the best times for the Upper Mustang trek. The weather is typically stable with pleasant day times temperatures ranging from 15°C to 20°C (15°F. to 70°F), clear skies and excellent visibility for mountain panoramas. Nights still be cool dropping to -6°C to -2°C. (21°F-36°F), Particularly in the early spring. This period also coincides with the potential timing of the vibrant Tiji Festival, adding an incredible cultural highlight.

• Autumn (September to November): Another prime season for its consistently clear skies, crisp air and comfortable temperatures. Daytime temperature ranges from 12°C to 20°C, (54°F to 68°F), While nights can fall to -8°C  to -4°C  (18°F to 25°F), especially towards late autumn, landscapes are often at their most vivid after the monsoon, making for spectacular photography.

• Monsoon (June to August): This is a surprisingly viable and increasingly popular option. Due to the rain shadow, Upper Mustang receives significantly less rainfall compared to Central and Eastern Nepal making it one of the few trekking destinations in Nepal accessible during summer monsoon. While occasional showers can occur, the landscapes during this time can be surprisingly verdant and you will encounter far few trekkers, offering are more serene and solitary experience. Daytime temperatures are warmer averaging from 18°C to 28°C (64°F to 82°F). However, unpaved roads can become muddy and challenging for vehicles.
• Winter (December to February): Generally not recommended for the average trekker. Temperatures plummet with daytime averages around 0°C to 8°C ( 32°F to 46°F) Nighttime lows frequently dip to -15°C to -25°C ( 5°F to 13°F). Heavy snowfall can block trails and many teahouses, and local inhabitants relocate to warmer regions, making facilities scarce. This period is suitable only for highly experienced and Well-equipped winter Mountaineers.

Note: If you need to be under daily medication, then please bring or purchase an adequate amount of medicine to avoid shortages on route.

Accommodation and food: Sustenance and Himalayan Trails

Your journey through Upper Mustang will involve a blend of accommodation types and delightful local culinary experiences, providing a glimpse into the region’s unique hospitality. 

Accommodation during the Upper Mustang Trek

• Kathmandu and Pokhara: In Nepal’s major cities, you will stay in comfortable tourist-class hotels offering a range of amenities from Wi-Fi to attached bathrooms and hot showers.

• Upper Mustang (Tea houses, lodges): These are typically family-run establishments providing simple twin-sharing rooms with beds, blankets and pillows. While facilities are basic, they offer a warm welcome and are clean and comfortable. Bathrooms are often shared and hot showers might be available, (sometimes for an additional fee). A highlight is the common dining hall found in most of the houses, which serves as its cosy social hub, often heated by traditional (Bukhari) (wood-burning stove in the evenings, where trekkers share stories and meals.
• Lo Manthang enhanced options: In the revered capital, Lo Manthang, increasing tourism has led to the development of a few more upgraded guest houses and even some luxury resort-style options. This may offer attached western-style bathrooms, more reliable electricity and Wi-Fi access, providing a more comfortable stay after several days in simpler lodges.

Food during the Upper Mustang Trek

•  Teahouse menus: Meals are freshly prepared and served in the tea house dining halls. The menus are surprisingly varied, offering a mix of local Nepali and Tibetan cuisines, and sometimes basic Indian or continental dishes designed to provide energy for your trek.
• Dal Bhat-  The trekker’s fuel: The staple Dal bhat (lentil soup, steamed rice and vegetable curry, often served with Pickles) Is highly recommended. Nutritious, filling, and unlimited meal that provides ample energy for high-altitude trekking.

• Local and International choices: You will also find Tibetan bread (often served with butter or jam for breakfast) and various noodle soups. (Thukpa), Delicious momos (Tibetan dumplings), Fried rice, Chowmein, Diverse potato dishes and sometimes even basic pasta or pizza.

• Local delicacies: Be sure to try, especially Apple products in Marpha (Apple pie, Famous apple Brandy) and an upper Mustang delve into traditional Tibetan food such as Tsampa (Roasted barley flour), Butter tea and unique local stews. Besides that, you can also give a try to locally produced products ( Yak cheese and hard cheese, chhurpi and buttermilk)

Hydration is key: Staying well-hydrated is paramount at altitude. Bottled water is readily available but can be expensive and environmentally taxing. You should carry a reusable water bottle and use purification tablets, portable water filters or UV purifiers to ensure a safe and sustainable water supply throughout your journey.

Permits & Logistics: Navigating the former Forbidden Kingdom.

Upper Mustang’s historical status as a restricted area means specific regulations and permits are strictly enforced to preserve its unique cultural heritage and pristine environment.

• Mandatory permits: To enter and trek in the Upper Mustang, you will need two crucial permits. 

• Upper Mustang restricted area permit (RAP): This is the primary and most significant permit. It costs USD 500 per person for the 1st 10 days, with an additional USD 50 per day for each day subsequently. Crucially, this permit can be updated through a registered and authorised Nepalese trekking agency. It cannot be acquired by individual travellers.
• Annapurna Conservation Area permit (ACAP): Required as the Upper Mustang region falls within the vast Annapurna Conservation Area. The cost is approximately NPR 3000 (around US$ $25 to 30) for foreign nationals.

(Note: While it TIMS card (Trekkker’s Information Management System) is typically required for most other treks in Nepal, the restricted area permit for Upper Mustang often supersedes its necessity for the duration of your stay within the restricted zone. Your trekking agency will clarify and manage all permit requirements.

• Agency and guide requirement: Solo trekking is strictly prohibited in the Upper Mustang. It is legally mandated that you must travel with a licensed Nepali trekking agency and must be accompanied by a government-registered Local trekking guide. A minimum of two trekkers ( For permit application purposes) is generally required. However, agencies can offer a range of cost permits for solo travellers, adding additional counselling for them to join our group for permit purposes.

Transportation Overview during Upper Mustang Trek

• Kathmandu to Pokhara:  Your journey typically begins with a comfortable tourist bus or private vehicle drive from Kathmandu to the picturesque lakeside city of Pokhara.

• Pokhara to Jomsom: The most common and scenic option is a short, exhilarating domestic flight, approximately 20 to 25 minutes from Pokhara to Jomsom, the gateway to Mustang. These flights are highly weather-dependent and typically operate in the mornings. As an alternative adventurous Jeep drive/bus ride from Pokhara to Jomsom is also possible, offering ground-level views.

• Within Upper Mustang (Jomsom upwards): Your itinerary from Jomsom into Upper Mustang will depend on your preference for a full trekking experience or a Jeep-supported tour. Jeeps are commonly utilised for significant portions of the journey, especially between major regions, allowing for efficient travel over dusty and sometimes challenging routes. Driving and strategic walking segments ensure you still experience the most breathtaking vistas and cultural sights on foot, maximising your exploration time.

• Guide and porters: An experienced local guide is invaluable not only for navigation and safety but also for providing rich cultural insights and facilitating interactions with the local communities. Hiring porters to carry your main luggage is highly recommended, allowing you to trek with only a lighter daypack and fully immerse yourself in the scenery.

Electricity and connectivity during the Upper Mustang Trek

While teahouses in larger villages and Lo Manthang generally have electricity for charging devices, often for a nominal fee, and offer limited Wi-Fi access, also typically for a fee and often slow. Be prepared for patchy, non-existent connectivity in remote areas. Carrying a reliable power bank or solar charger for your electronic devices is highly recommended.

You can also purchase SIM cards from local communications vendors after minimal paperwork and acquire your desired kind of data services and packages. The SIM card packaging comes with a manual, which will be useful for you. Nepal has two major network service providers, NTC and Ncell. You can buy as per your preference; travellers usually prefer NTC over Ncell for the duration.